What was the primary aim of the United States following the Soviet launch of Sputnik?

The primary aim of the United States following the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 was indeed an increased focus on space exploration. The successful launch of Sputnik marked a significant achievement for the Soviet Union and was perceived as a powerful demonstration of their technological capabilities, particularly in the context of the Cold War. In response, the United States felt an urgent need to enhance its own space program to compete with Soviet advancements.

This led to a variety of initiatives, including the establishment of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in 1958 and the implementation of a series of ambitious space missions, including the Mercury and Apollo programs. The U.S. sought not only to regain technological supremacy but also to demonstrate national strength and resolve in the face of perceived threats from the Soviet Union.

Other potential options like the enhancement of military capabilities, promotion of nuclear disarmament, or strengthening trade relations were secondary in this context. The focus shifted sharply toward space exploration, which was viewed as a critical arena for both scientific achievement and national security during the Cold War.